Arteries Of Gutteral Pouh

88 the heat transfer from the internal carotid artery to the guttural pouch was minimal at rest but became more efficient with exercise.

Arteries of gutteral pouh.

Guttural pouches are large auditory tube diverticula that contain between 300 and 600 ml of air. The main artery carotid artery starts from the heart and carries oxygen rich blood along the neck to the head and brain. They are paired bilaterally just below the ears behind the skull and connect to the nasopharynx. Mycotic plaques in the guttural pouch are typically located on the caudodorsal aspect of the medial guttural pouch over the internal carotid artery.

Guttural pouch mycosis causes damage to the cranial nerves and to the arteries found in the lining of the guttural pouch. The blood to the horse s brain is supplied by the occipital and vertebral arteries but also mainly by the internal carotid artery. The guttural pouch has close association with many major structures including several cranial nerves glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal the sympathetic trunk and the external and internal carotid arteries. 88 therefore the function of the guttural pouches in the horse seems to be to cool the brain during periods of hyperthermia.

Difficulty swallowing is another common sign. The main artery splits at the level of the head into several large vessels that are part of the wall of the guttural pouch internal carotid artery external carotid artery and maxillary artery. Finally the internal carotid artery lies within the caudal wall of the medial compartment while the external carotid artery and maxillary artery are located within the lateral compartment of the guttural pouch. The role played by the guttural pouches in the horse is still incompletely known but major advancements have been made by the works of baptiste and coworkers suggesting a major role of the guttural pouch in a brain cooling mechanism 8 9.

The bleeding occurs without any obvious cause and is often severe. The condition guttural pouch tympa. The temperature of the air within the guttural pouch was fairly constant 37 5 0 05 c during exercise and was responsible for cooling the blood within the internal carotid artery by 2 c. The internal carotid artery d with the hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves e are seen in the medial compartment.

Due to the general inaccessibility of the pouches in horses they can be an area of infection by fungi and bacteria and these infections can be extremely severe and hard to treat. The external carotid artery f and maxillary artery g are in the lateral pouch. The pouch directly covers the temporohyoid joint. The stylohyoid bone a divides the guttural pouch into medial b and lateral c compartments.

They are present in odd toed mammals some bats hyraxes and the american forest mouse. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common isolate identified in cases of guttural pouch mycosis. Guttural pouches are of interest to both veterinarians and horse owners as they contain a number of important structures. In some instances fungal plaques may be multiple or diffuse.

Arteries such as the internal carotid artery and several cranial nerves.